View source for News/Happy Halloween 2025! Dark Empires Prototype & Craig Stitt Interview

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'''[https://hiddenpalace.org Hidden Palace] and [https://segaretro.org/ Sega Retro] '''PROUDLY''' present...''' <br><br>
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[[Dark Empires (prototype)|''Dark Empires'' at Hidden Palace]]<br>
[https://segaretro.org/Dark_Empires ''Dark Empires'' at Sega Retro]<br>

[[Craig Stitt (2025 interview)|Craig Stitt interview]]<br>
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Established in January 1990, [https://segaretro.org/Sega_Technical_Institute Sega Technical Institute] was Sega of America's first attempt at an internal R&D division. Headed by [https://segaretro.org/Mark_Cerny Mark Cerny] (a former Sega of Japan programmer with extensive development experience in the Japanese game industry) and granted a considerable degree of autonomy from its parent company, the small satellite studio first began operations in an unassuming San Jose business park. It was largely staffed by American game developers with little to no prior work in game development - a deliberate choice by Cerny, who wanted an inexperienced team which could be freshly educated in his own style of game development - importantly insulated from what he saw as unproductive and excessive managerial oversight from Sega of America.

One of Cerny’s goals in founding STI was to establish an American-led development environment capable of producing new first-party titles for Sega’s growing console lineup. At the time, the company sought to expand its creative footprint beyond Japan, and STI served as both an experiment in American-Japanese collaboration and a training ground for a new generation of Western developers. Cerny’s philosophy emphasized originality, with his staff encouraged to freely conceive and pitch their own ideas - principles that would give rise to the studio’s history of experimental projects.

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STI began development of its first original game in 1990, the action-platformer ''[https://segaretro.org/Kid_Chameleon Kid Chameleon]'', a result of Cerny's initiative to create a character-driven global blockbuster franchise. However, it was not the only original project undertaken by the fledgling studio. That same year, [https://segaretro.org/William_G._Dunn Bill Dunn], a designer at STI and tabletop gaming enthusiast, conceptualized a fantasy-based tactical strategy game for the Sega Genesis. The new title would reference the design of Technosoft's recently released ''[https://segaretro.org/Herzog_Zwei Herzog Zwei]'', a novel title which brought real-time strategy gameplay to home console owners. The concept was pitched to Cerny, who approved the project later that year, assigning programmers [https://segaretro.org/Scott_Chandler Scott Chandler] and [https://segaretro.org/Ken_Rose Ken Rose], alongside artists [https://segaretro.org/Yasushi_Yamaguchi Yasushi Yamaguchi] and [https://segaretro.org/Craig_Stitt Craig Stitt], to development. No audio staff were tasked with working on the game, but Stitt speculates that music and sound would have been handled by an outside composer.

Stitt, in particular, was enthused to join the project. A traditional artist and illustrator who shared Dunn's love of tabletop games, Stitt specialized in fantasy artwork, regularly creating monster designs for his own tabletop campaigns, with his work characterized by an emphasis on dragons. He recalls, "The style was right up my alley. This fantasy ''Dungeons & Dragons'', monsters and weird stuff. I remember just working up a whole bunch of different ways, different things to build." Alongside Dunn, the two collaborated with Cerny on designing a top-down fantasy tactical strategy game set in a world of dragons and monsters, with different factions vying for control of the land. The game which would become known as ''[https://segaretro.org/Dark_Empires Dark Empires]'' officially began production at STI's San Jose offices in 1990.

Stitt was largely unfamiliar with strategy games before being assigned to ''Dark Empires'', but was also a fan of the aforementioned ''Herzog Zwei''. "I loved that game, played that all the time, but that was about the only strategy game I've ever played." He went on to create over a dozen pieces of concept art for the project, including early artwork of the game's unimplemented science fiction setting and a range of distinct units and tiles. Genesis graphics were created on Sega of Japan's [https://segaretro.org/Digitizer_System Digitizer System], a light-pen-based graphics workstation shipped to California by Japanese management, with Stitt's artwork adopting a detailed medieval fantasy style inspired by his ''Dungeons & Dragons'' illustration experience.

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''Dark Empires'' would be structured around two opposing factions (consisting of gold and purple dragons and their respective leaders in the dumped prototype) engaging in battle across a selection of six different planets. Each faction would have been controlled by a leader unit that functions similarly to a king in chess, with victory achieved by defeating the opposing faction's leader. The game was planned to progress through evolving time periods over the course of gameplay, with concept art depicting settings such as Natural, Fantasy, Prehistory, Horrific, and Cybernetic. Gameplay itself would alternate between two perspectives: a zoomed-out view reminiscent of ''Herzog Zwei'', where players move individual groups of four units across the battlefield, and a hexagonal unit-based view in which individual units can be commanded to both move and attack the enemy faction.

The team had planned a number of then-novel mechanics for ''Dark Empires'', including neutral temples which players could enter to initiate a battle against a ram-headed enemy controlled by the opposing player. Defeating this enemy would reward the player with an additional single-dragon squad to command, requiring players to balance time and unit management against the possibility of expanding their forces. In addition to the two main player factions, wild dragons would roam the map as hostile forces that would attack either side, controlled by the enemy player once engaged. Units also possess nonfunctioning experience bars that gradually increase during play, seemingly intended as a leveling system for individual unit growth.<br>

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Development progressed into late 1991, when the game reached a first-playable state, featuring basic and mostly functional combat gameplay and the framework for a promising American-designed console tactical strategy game. However, as strategy games for home consoles were then an unproven and largely unheard of concept, Cerny's desire to focus on large blockbuster titles was bound to eventually clash with a game of relatively niche market appeal. Further, the studio was already beginning to suffer from recurring mismanagement problems, particularly in the allocation of project resources like assigned staff. To compound matters, Sega of America's marketing department had just tasked STI with starting production of ''[https://info.sonicretro.org/Sonic_the_Hedgehog_2_(16-bit) Sonic the Hedgehog 2]'' that November, with Yamaguchi departing the project to help lead that game's development. Shortly after the completion of its first-playable prototype, ''Dark Empires'' would be officially cancelled in December 1991.

Craig Stitt later recycled certain ''Dark Empires'' concepts for use in future projects; among these was the design for a bald, disembodied human head with striking green eyes, a concept which would evolve into ''Kid Chameleon''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s final boss, Heady Metal. Also repurposed was one of ''Dark Empires''<nowiki>'</nowiki> more developed planned leader units, the Elf King, appearing as a playable character in his pitch for the ultimately undeveloped 1993 Genesis fighting game ''SpellCaster''. Stitt later noted potential connections between the cancelled project and his later pitch for ''Spyro the Dragon'', including the emphasis on dragons and the concept of evolving time periods. "That wasn't a conscious thing, but there very much is a connection there somewhere."<br>

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Following its cancellation, ''Dark Empires'' went virtually undocumented until Stitt uploaded a [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOlHbBTF8eI 1995 video résumé] of his STI work to YouTube in August 2020, including five Digitizer stills of gameplay and a set of sprite art from the game, publicly revealing the project for the first time. Commenting on the video, he also revealed that he had a working ROM image. Five years later in August 2025, Sega Retro editor Alexander Rojas [https://segaretro.org/Interview:_Craig_Stitt_(2025-08-02)_by_Alexander_Rojas interviewed Stitt] on his career and Sega Technical Institute work, including coverage of ''Dark Empires''. During the interview process, Stitt shared his copy of the ROM - which had thankfully been retained by Ken Rose after all these years. The game was subsequently documented by both Rojas and technical researcher MDTravis, allowing ''Dark Empires'' to finally see the light of day nearly 34 years after its cancellation.

The dumped prototype, dated September 1991, identifies itself with the ROM header <tt>KEVIN KIDD</tt> - an early working title for ''Kid Chameleon'' conceived as a Western-oriented continuation of the ''Alex Kidd'' lineage - suggesting ''Dark Empires'' was built upon that game's source assets. At this stage in development, it is markedly incomplete. The password system and menu options are nonfunctional, with every stage selection loading into an identical battlefield. Units are limited to a single attack per turn, leaving combat skeletal in design. Sound is absent altogether, and progression mechanics tied to the visible experience bars remain unimplemented, rendering them purely cosmetic. While incomplete, the build marks an early effort by STI to explore genres outside the norm, with the dumped ROM existing as one of few surviving examples of Sega Technical Institute's pre-''Sonic'' development output.

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Special thanks go to [[Craig Stitt (gospyro)|Craig Stitt]], for both sharing the ROM and for graciously agreeing to a nearly four-hour interview, [[User:MDTravis|MDTravis]] for his extensive technical assistance and for his detailed ROM analysis, and [[User:Armadylo|Armadylo]] for editing and proofreading this article.

[https://segaretro.org/User:CartridgeCulture Alexander Rojas (CartridgeCulture)]


Have a happy Halloween!<br>
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